Persian Gulf War (1991)

Terry talks with David McReynolds co-secretary of the War Resistors League. The group advised military men and women who didn't want to fight in the Gulf, and coordinated the peace movement. McReynolds regrets the war couldn't be stopped -- which cost the lives of many soldiers and civilians.

Terry speaks once more with Dan Wasserman, editorial cartoonist for the Boston Globe, about the best of his work during the Gulf War, and the topics he's looking forward to covering now that it's over.

We check back with James Adams, the defense correspondent for The Sunday Times of London. He's been covering the war from the Pentagon, and talks about the strategies that clinched victory for American forces.

From London, Dr. Muhammad Al-Rumayhi, editor of the "Voice of Kuwait," a paper of the resistance. Ten days after the Iraqis invaded Kuwait, they started publishing leaflets from London. Since then, the Voice of Kuwait has been distributed to Kuwaitis living in exile throughout the Middle East. Al-Rumayhi leaves today to return to his home country.

Terry features two guests in this segment.

First, Amitav Ghosh is an Indian writer and anthropologist. Terry talks to him about an essay he wrote in the January issue of the literary magazine Granta called "An Egyptian in Baghdad." One of his friends went to work in Iraq several years ago; that friend was still in Baghdad when the war started. Ghosh felt that much of the press about the war was depersonalized, and wanted to write about the life of one person caught up in the conflict.

The Pulitzer Prize-winning writer is a former Vietnam War correspondent. In his new book "The Next Century," he contends that the 20th century is the end of America's economic dominance in the world. He questions the meaning of a victory in the Gulf when there are so many problems at home that we've delayed and ignored.

Terry talks with the great violinist Isaac Stern. Last week he was performing a concert in Israel when the sirens went off signaling a missle attack. The audience put on their gas masks, and the orchestra left the stage. But Stern stayed and continued to play.

Marian Faye Novak was pregnant when her husband, David, a Marine, was sent to Vietnam. Her daughter, Jeannie is now an army officer serving in the Gulf war. We talk with Marian about her new memoir about the Vietnam War, Lonely Girls with Burning Eyes, and her feelings today about her daughter's military service. We also talk with David about what it's like for him to be waiting at the other end.

Retired Colonel Howard Levie is Professor Emeritus of Law, St. Louis University. He's written a study about prisoners of war, "Prisoners of War in International Armed Conflict." In light of the growing number of Iraqi soldiers surrendering, he talk to Terry about the history of P.O.W.s and the laws governing their treatment.

In the next day, there may be a cease-fire in Iraq, or a ground war could begin. James Adams, the defense correspondent for The Sunday Times of London, talks about the mood at the Pentagon in light of proposed negotiations.

Terry talks with Alex Molnar, the founder of the Military Families Support Network, a support group that's very critical of the government's handling of the war.

Christopher Flavin is a senior researcher at the Worldwatch Institute, a Washington-based think tank that monitors the state of the environment. He believes President Bush's new energy policies miss several opportunities for reforms, including taxes which would promote greater conservation of resources.

The British journalist has avoided the government-established pool system, which gives military access to reporters, but requires them to have their stories cleared before they're published. He explains his reasons in conversation with Terry Gross.

Fred Halliday, professor of International Relations at the London School of Economics, discusses some possible motives for the Soviet Union's attempt to find an end to the Gulf War -- including how these negotiations could affect relations with the United States. He'll also give us a primer on the history of the Soviet Union's relations with Iraq.

We talk with Iraq emigre Laith Kubba, the leader of the London-based group, "The Conference on Human Rights and Democracy in Iraq." He'll give his view of this morning's peace proposal, and he'll discuss the feasibility of democracy in a post-Saddam Iraq.

We look at international law with Alfred Rubin, a professor at Tufts University. He'll look at whether the recent bombing that killed hundreds in Iraq was a legal action, and the treatment of POWs in the Gulf War.

Milton Viorst is a frequent contributor to the New Yorker who's written extensively about the Middle East. He talks with Fresh Air producer Pat Ford about the relationship between the U.S. and Jordan under the leadership of King Hussein.

Economist Robert Kuttner joins Fresh Air to talk about how the war affects the economy. Though the stock market has soared, the real economy has suffered, the the national debt grows deeper every day.

First, reporter Pat Ford talks with retired Admiral Eugene Carroll, of the Center for Defense Information. They examine latest developments in the Gulf War. He'll speculate on what was discussed at this weekend's meeting between Secretary of Defense Dick Chaney, Chief of Staff Colin Powell, and commanding general Norman Schwarzkopf.

Then, Terry talks with the Science Advisor to King Hussain of Jordan, Doctor Abdullah Toucan. They'll discuss the environmental consequences of the Gulf War in light of Saddam Hussein's threat to destroy oil fields.

Terry interview stand-up comedian Jimmy Tingle. Tingle's forte is political humor. He talks about keeping his comedy relevant but respectful to all involved in the Gulf War.